Sabtu, 25 Juni 2016

Classroom Rituals: Classroom Circle and Culture


Most people say that listening is a receptive language skill. In my listening class, students must be active to maximize the skill.



Communication plays important role to transfer ideas to knowledge. It is quite experienced in the context of education. By considering the proximity, teacher and student manage their communications so that the classroom environment performs.
Communication exists to facilitate sender in delivering message for receiver. As the result, it is hoped that the feedback happens then.
There are various ways of communication happen. It is done by verbal and non-verbal ways. First, verbal is done easily by uttering spoken language, while non-verbal one is done with body language, gesture, attitude, and emotion. Do you remember when your teacher gave you a chalk, showed it in front of you, directed your sight from the chalk to the blackboard and said "Would you answer the question I've written on the board, please?". The tone of teacher in asking you affected your bravery to come forward and did the challenge, didn't it? Compare this goal when the teacher used directly bare imperative. I bet you were afraid of your answer (minimally shocked at the first time before doing what she asked).
The communication performance is also influenced by culture. You will feel more comfortable to follow your class in your home culture than other country. You need time to adapt, don't you?
This is known as intercultural communication. It studies communication by its participants with different cultures. Intercultural communication involves the term named "ritual". This term shows the participants to do certain activities which have been internalized in their consciousness. It's such a habitual issue.
In the United States, a student will raise his hand if he wants to express his curiosity to his teacher, or there is a question which needs to answer. It is different in Jamaica where you find students flap or snap their fingers to do such thing. In several countries, students stand up when teacher enters the class. They are the examples of intercultural communications across countries.
I taught this topic for my lecture on the tenth meeting of critical listening. My students were encountered to listen intercultural communication existing in the audio. This meeting directed my students to identify intercultural communication. The result was amazing. They were able to express this issue related to their daily activities.
It is also important to allow students convey their views why this happening exists among us. I did it!  Let them active on doing analysis. Moreover, this lecture had reached critical level. They have been part of society and affected their existences as functioning human being. Quoting from the listened audio, they were directed to interpret more than just words.
This topic attracts our knowledge that there are various ways of performing communication, especially in the context of education, or classroom - where we transfer knowledge and values, see their emotions, and appreciate their ideas.

Selasa, 17 Mei 2016

How Human Befriends with Language across Cultures and Ages



"If you concern on language, even being a linguist, you have more friends and it's a must". 
This quote was said by my Professor while I was studying Linguistics in Postgraduate Program. His saying was unique and really surprised me. How can it happen? There are approximately 6.912 languages in the world (see Ethnologue). How do we befriend by language?
Let's think about why we acquired language when we were kids. Our parents taught us referential words to call them. This was the first time a kid creating relationship by language. This way didn't stop. Language competence developed until calling brother, sister, other family members,  then friend.
By learning language, what do you hope from it? As people usually say, language is for communication. We acquire and learn language because we believe that we can do many things with it. 

Language makes its users closer. Its performance to apply cooperation starts from a small group and spreads up to inter-group, community, society, and nation. Language contact has being done since civilization formed


From Instinct to Institutionalized Language
Firstly, conversation is the easiest application. Before language science was found, it came from how people do cooperation by uttering sounds. The sounds reflected that they have meanings as well because there was continuation after they were expressed from turn-taking to implemented actions. Why could it be? People in the ancient times produced their languages which hadn't been well as nowadays. Their phones might be uttered based on their cooperative and habitual applications paying attention on the objects they wanted to make sense. Coming from those ancient activities, human thought that it was required to create rule so that a group of people living in a particular place knew each other.
 As long as they made contact interpersonally, the dynamics happened on each individual with their lives. They needed to move, it was possible that the commodities in the place faced decreasing result. Mountains, hills, jungles, shores, and many kinds of surfaces experienced people to adapt. It effected on the way they communicate. Unstable land contour, large range, and natural barrier made people control their sounds, tone, and pitch.  You'll see people living near beach and mountain produce louder voice than those who are living in the city. 

You Pronounced Slightly Different from Its Origin!
Next, the movement of people from particular place to other bring a bag of vocabularies.  Historical and Comparative Linguistic studies the adventure of words passing regions. Many words expressed in similar sounds can be decided that both compared places had relation in the past. They might have contact in the reasonable extent of time so that it could affect distributing vocabularies. The word "book" is pronounced /bu:k/ (English) and /bu:kh/ (German). Or the same word meaning "livre" (French) and "libro" (Spanish). How did they interact in the past?  Easily, you can see where the countries take place on the map. Are they far? What's the land condition there? Are they accessible? Was the one ever conquered by the other?
The implementation of spreading vocabularies also happens on terminology. The word "communication" is pronounced a little bit same by Spanish, but the suffix is pronounced /-cion/. Then, imagine how the word "Ardh" from Arabic is received "Earth" by English.  
Those language cases are also affected by language competence culturally applied by each group of people in each place. German has large number of consonant sounds pronounced by the back position of place articulation like [kh] and [g]. It also happen on the French and Spanish word referring to "book" (livre and libro). They are same on [l], [i], and [r]. In the case of vocal sound, Spanish dominantly has open sound such as amigo, communicacion, nino or nina ;  there are   many words containing [a] and [o]. This happens as well by Arabic and English. The sound [dh] might be received [th] by English like the deictic words that, this, those, them, and so on.

Language Contact
Deeply resulted, those language users contacted. The way they expressed a word is based on their language competences which have been formed from the past they built community. Language contact shows us language connects each other. Although, in several conditions, there might be conflicts, they met taking-giving information and idea. In addition, they shared.
The language phenomena teach us that human use language to communicate and to meet cooperation. Pragmatics has cooperative principles to indicate the success of language performance by quality, quantity, manner, and relevance. Language has been passing years with its journey to connect people and to establish civilization. So, my Professor really said right. To perform language, we need companion. By performing language, we can maximize doing many things with our information up to do action related the content of idea expressed. There may be expansion of the idea of "friend" here. It can be the person personally you talk to and the information arranged by your cognitive competence or internal awareness so that you can express what you want successfully.

Jumat, 29 April 2016

Critical Listening : Mid Semester Work!



Do and Discuss the Followings with Your Group Correctly!
1.      Get an ENGLISH video from Youtube with the theme related to your group!
a)    Human                                                                        (Group 1)
b)    A Nation’s History                                                       (Group 2)
c)    Culture                                                                        (Group 3)
d)    A Person’s Biography                                                 (Group 4)       
e)    Historical Building                                                       (Group 5)
f)     Ancient Life                                                                (Group 6)
Recommended video time length :  ≥ 12 minutes

2.      Transcript the utterances expressed by the speaker(s) from the video you get

3.      Answer the following questions based on your group discussion.

a.    What is the best title describing the video?
b.    What are the points which are being talked about?
c.    Who are the involved participant(s) in the video?
d.    Who are the target listeners?
e.    What is the video purposed for?
f.     How do you visualize the atmosphere containing in the video? (e.g. entertaining, sad, informative, provocative, etc). Explain!
g.    Is the video good or bad information? Prove!
h.    Provide the communication strategies explaining the topic which are related to listing, sequence, comparison-contrast, or/and cause-effect! Write!

4. Apply your critical listening analysis (number 1-3) to your blog. Here is the format:



5.  Post your work NOT MORE THAN FRIDAY, MAY 13RD 2016



Note:
How to Embed Youtube Video
<iframe width="560" height="315" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/kfvxmEuC7bU" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen></iframe>

After you get the code of your video, copy and paste to your blog post (for point A. Source)